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تعليم الأطفال نطق جميع الحروف البشرية وتمييزها
كما نعلم فإن لكل لغة مجموعتها من الفونيمات والتي يتعلمها الطفل كلغة أم من خلال تعلم ألفاظها وليس حروفها ويأتي تعلم الحروف لاحقا في الروضة والصف الأول أو في تعليم الأهل قبل المدرسة بعد السنة الثالثة
اقترحت على أحد الباحثين في التعليم باستخدام الحوسبة دراسة تعليم الأطفال تمييز ونطق كل فونيمات اللغات الإنسانية كفونيمات وتطوير برمجية تفاعلية لهذه الغاية ثم إلحاقها بدراسة تجريبية على عينة من الأطفال وتأثير هذا على نطقهم ولغتهم هذا يعني على سبيل المثال إن الطفل إن كان عربيا سيستطيع التمييز بين الباء المهموسة والمجهورة وسيستطيع تمييز حروف صوتية لا تستخدمها العربية أبدا وسيستطيع تمييز مستويات الجيم وهذا ما لا أستطيع تمييزه أنا مثلا حتى الآن رغم بحثي في الأصواتيات على مدى سنوات ومعظم العرب وكذلك سوى العرب كالماليزيين الذين لا يستطيعون تمييز الحاء والعين ويخلطونها بالهاء والهمزة |
في نفس السياق دراسة التأثيرات الأصواتية بين اللغات
بحث عن تدرجات الحروف الصوتية في اللغة التركية وقدرة المتعلمين على نطقها وتمييزها A significant **** of theoretically motivated research has addressed the role of Universal Grammar (UG) in the nonnative acquisition of morphosyntax and properties of the syntax–semantics interface, but very little research has addressed the role of phonological principles of UG in nonnative ******** acquisition. Turkish has a regular and pervasive system of vowel harmony for which classroom second ******** (L2) learners receive explicit instruction and abundant input; however, there are also cases of non-canonical vowel harmony in Turkish, for which classroom learners receive no instruction and rather little input. In this study, we show that English–Turkish L2ers come to exhibit sensitivity to the ‘No Crossing Constraint’ of UG (Goldsmith, 1976; Hammond, 1988) when calculating non-canonical vowel harmony in the con**** of underlyingly pre-specified non-velarized laterals (i.e. ‘light’ [l]), despite the poverty of the stimulus and potentially misleading effects of classroom instruction and standard Turkish orthography. We argue that this supports the view that nonnative phonological development is guided by (at least one principle of) UG https://www.researchgate.net/publica...L2_acquisition |
في نفس السياق أيضا بحث حول تأثير الروسية كلغة أم على متعلمي العبرية من اليهود الروس المهاجرين لفلسطين
Vowel reduction in Israeli Heritage Russian Article · August 2016 Abstract This study examines vowel reduction patterns of Israeli Heritage Russian speakers (IHRs). The results provide insights into the competing effects on the phonological grammar of Heritage speakers in general, and IHRs in a Hebrew-dominant environment in particular. Prosodically-constrained stress-related Russian vowel reduction is well ********ed (e.g. Jakobson 1929, Crosswhite 1999, Barnes 2002, Padgett 2004) as displaying a three-way pattern: underlying /o/ and /a/ surface as [o] and [a] in stressed syllables, as [a] in the first pretonic syllable, and as [ة™] in other unstressed syllables. In Modern Hebrew, on the other hand, vowel reduction is primarily quantitative (Maymon 2001, Cohen&Silber-Varod in progress), as stressed and unstressed vowels differ in length, but not in quality. We conduct a production experiment to determine the patterns of vowel reduction in the Russian of IHRs. Twenty IHRs aged 20-30 (Russian speaking parents from Greater Moscow, exposure to Hebrew is preschool) are exposed to auditory stimuli (**** forms of real and nonce words with stressed /o/) and required to produce the forms, and two additional forms (three altogether): a. Stressed position (repetition); e.g. stress-final bare stem form – most ‘bridge sg.’ b. Pretonic position; e.g. same stem with monosyllabic stress-attracting suffix – most- جچة¨ ‘bridge pl.’ c. Other unstressed position; e.g. same stem with disyllabic stress-attracting suffix – most-o جچvoj ‘of-bridge adj.’. The quantity (length) of /o/ and its quality (F1, F2) are analysed and compared to a control group of monolingual Russian speakers. A pilot study shows that IHRs reduce unstressed /o/, but do not display the three-way distinction attested in native Russian. The IHRs’ pattern is examined in light of three potential sources: vowel reduction patterns in Russian, vowel reduction patterns in Hebrew, and universal tendencies to reduce vowels in unstressed syllables. Vowel reduction in Israeli Heritage Russian. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publica...ritage_Russian [accessed Apr 12, 2017] |
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